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correlation family

bubble

Three-variable scatter — x, y, and bubble area.

Adds a third dimension to a scatter via bubble size (and sometimes a fourth via colour). Strong for positioning maps where one wants to show influence (size = revenue, market cap, weight).

When to use

Three-variable comparison where size adds context the eye can rank.

When NOT to use

Bubble size is the same for everyone (just use scatter), or there is no shared meaning to bubble area (avoid).

Rhetorical roles

  • correlate
  • position
  • compare

Variants & related

Required primitives

  • has_axis_titles
  • has_legend (size key)

Optional primitives

  • has_data_labels

Common anti-patterns

  • dimensional-vagueness
  • unlegended-size

Disambiguation rules

  • Dots of varying SIZES — size encodes a third variable.
  • If the chart is positioning (2x2 axes labelled with quadrant names), it is matrix-2x2 with bubbles.