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  "notes": "This slide discusses the narrative technique of 'set-ups and pay-offs' as a way to manage coincidence in storytelling.",
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      "text": "Later still, as the villain is closing in on the hero and seems about ready to win the hero remembers the convention, and in a last ditch effort to escape certain defeat she diverts the action into the convention center. She kicks over the bee boxes, and lets the bees do her work for her.",
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      "text": "For example, let's say in a cop thriller you establish that there's a beekeeping convention in the downtown convention center this coming weekend. Later, coincidentally, the hero finds out that a villain is allergic to bees.",
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      "text": "Set-ups and payoffs are one of a dramatist's greatest tools. Getting away with the coincidences needed to make them work is all about how much care and finesse you us in constructing them.",
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      "text": "before your hero can even draw her weapon the assailant is hit by a bus -- that's not satisfying. The hero didn't get to take any action, not even something that led them into the coincidental situation.",
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      "text": "You really can only ever get away with coincidences when a notable protagonist choice has led her straight into them. Though it's often better to have choice and action lead to direct consequence instead, sometimes a clever, well-constructed chain of motivated coincidence works best.",
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      "text": "But if a character takes an action that leads to a coincidental situation, you're getting back into forgivable territory. This starts to feel more like good luck than total coincidence.",
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      "text": "It's coincidence that there were bees and a bee-allergic villain in the same cop story at the same time to begin with, never mind that the action happened to take place on bee convention weekend. But the audience will (if it's done with enough finesse) potentially consider it clever rather than coincidental because a character choice closed the loop.",
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      "text": "In fact, set-ups and pay-offs are basically just chains of coincidence: earlier in the film you establish something seemingly unrelated to the rest of the plot, and later it happens to be exactly what the protagonist needs.",
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