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  "notes": "This slide is part of a series of storytelling rules, focusing on the concept of 'stakes' in narrative structure.",
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      "text": "Yet the protagonist, however flawed, still needs to be deeply invested in her own success so that the audience cares not only about that victory itself, but also about her being able to change in the ways necessary to win.",
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      "text": "This particular rule is so essential it probably should be rule #1, because it is the most character-centric statement of the idea: \"what is the story about?\"",
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      "text": "Each step the character takes away from success, and towards the doom scenario, raises the stakes and makes the audience more excited about getting to the resolution. So",
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      "text": "A common question producers and other professionals ask about stories is \"why this particular character in this particular situation at this particular time?\" What they're really asking is \"what are the stakes?\"",
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      "text": "So the more the protagonist has to lose, the more the audience will get invested in her fate. And the greater the obstacles to success, the more likely she is to lose.",
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      "text": "Stacking the odds against the protagonist makes the audience not only feel more empathy towards her, but it also makes a victory feel earned (or, in the case of a tragedy, a failure feel justified).",
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      "text": "What the character will lose if she is unable to overcome all obstacles, internal and external, is the main tension line of the entire story. It's this impending possibility of loss that will make an audience sympathetic to a character, even one who is a bit of a bastard. The stakes are the core of the story, the palpable outcome of failing to resolve the central question.",
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      "text": "The protagonist's flaw, her wrong choices, the actions of any external opponents, and all the external circumstances should be obstacles that block or divert the protagonist from resolving the central question in their favor. Internal obstacles - character flaws and the bad decisions they lead to - are also crucial.",
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      "text": "What are the stakes? Give us reason to root for the character. What happens if they don't succeed? Stack the odds against.",
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      "text": "Rule 16.",
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