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      "kind": "list",
      "text": "A. Demand response (DR); B. Energy Efficiency (EE); C. Combined heat and power (CHP) with fossil and renewable fuels; D. Fuel cell (FC) with and without heat recovery with fossil and renewable fuels; E. Solar photovoltaic (PV) with storage; and F. Other renewables with storage.",
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      "text": "The 2011 New Jersey EMP calls for a 17% reduction of the electrical energy usage through energy efficiency measures (EE) from 2010 levels by 2021 and the implementation of 1,500 MW of demand response (DR) by 2021. New Jersey has several programs to advance DG fuel cells and other renewables. In total, including EE, DR, and the RE RPS approximately 30% of New Jersey's energy could be generated by DG and RE sources by 2020. This could be as high as 50% if the cost for these technologies including PV, storage and micro-CHP continues on the current cost reduction curves.",
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      "text": "One important issue that Sandy highlighted is that the majority of the DG that is currently installed in New Jersey including solar, CHP, fuel cells and other renewables, did not operate during or after the storm when the grid was down. Most DG is designed with an inverter that senses the outage of the grid and shuts down the DG as a safety precaution in addition to the external disconnect switch. To operate during and after an emergency when the grid goes down, DG must be specifically designed to operate in isolation of and independent from the grid. This independent and isolated operation as a microgrid can be expensive to retrofit into an existing facility, but if properly designed into a new facility it could be only a relatively small portion of the overall cost. However, with Superstorm Sandy and other large regional storms, governmental entities are beginning to evaluate the overall costs and the potential savings to operating during and after a storm when the grid goes down.",
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      "text": "New Jersey currently has over 1,000 MW of solar that provides over 1% of the state's electricity. By the end of the 2014 Energy Year, this will increase to 2% of the instate electricity. New Jersey has over 3,000 MW of combined heat and power (CHP) that provides over 10% of our instate electricity. The majority of this power can and does sell into the PJM wholesale market. The Governor's Energy Master Plan (EMP) sets a goal to install an additional 1,500 MW of CHP which could increase the State's energy production to 24% of our electricity generation. The majority of this new CHP will be distributive generation (DG). New Jersey's Renewable Energy Portfolio Standard (RPS) law requires the development of solar to produce 4% of the State's electricity by 2028. The RPS also requires the development of 22.5% of Class I and Class II renewables in addition to solar by 2021. A portion of this 22.5% RPS will be DG.",
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      "kind": "paragraph",
      "text": "Following Hurricane Irene and now Superstorm Sandy, New Jersey has been focusing on developing a more resilient energy infrastructure that uses a mix of Distributive Energy Resources (DER) including and not limited to the following:",
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      "text": "E. Northeaster November 7, 2012; and F. East Coast Derecho June 2013. These storms and others resulted in varying degrees of power outages across New Jersey and the Mid-Atlantic/Northeastern states.",
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      "text": "Most of the components of New Jersey's critical infrastructure - including hospitals, water and wastewater facilities, schools, shelters, police and fire stations - rely on traditional power systems and may have back up diesel generators to be used during a power outage.",
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