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  "documentTitle": "LEK Infrastructure Victoria AZZEV International Scan",
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      "text": "The infrastructure implications concerning zero emission vehicles are covered in the ZEV section of the report",
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      "text": "2. Timing: The shift towards autonomous vehicles is occurring simultaneously with the rise of electric vehicles and also connected vehicles, which increases the likelihood these trends will merge",
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      "text": "1. Technical Ease: The analytical and computing task of controlling an EV is less complex than an ICE due to the fewer number of moving parts on board",
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      "text": "3. R&D Expenditure: A large amount of AV R&D expenditure from OEMs relate to ‘electric drives’. For example, General Motors is committed to ‘Zero emissions. Zero crashes. Zero congestion.’",
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      "text": "Source: Drive Electric; L.E.K. research and interviews",
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      "text": "It is expected AVs will primarily be EVs:",
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      "kind": "quote",
      "text": "“... A lot of brands are reasonably comfortable with the notion that there won’t be a fully autonomous vehicle that’s not also an electric vehicle...” Coby Duggan, GM, Volvo NZ, Drive Electric Article",
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      "text": "“... We’re in the middle of three big paradigm shifts. One is electric; the second is autonomous drive; and the third is the connected car. All three shifts are being developed in parallel...” Dean Sheed, GM, Audi NZ, Drive Electric Article",
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      "text": "“... There’s no need for an autonomously driven car to be electric, but there’s a deep connection...” Dean Sheed, GM, Audi NZ, Drive Electric Article",
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      "text": "Most AV trials currently use hybrid or ICE vehicles. However, it is expected that AVs will increasingly use zero emission technology",
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