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  "documentTitle": "LEK Infrastructure Victoria AZZEV International Scan",
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      "kind": "other",
      "text": "Note: * National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; Source: Tesla; Nissan; Bloomberg; ICCT 2018; Teslanomics; US NFDA; NHTSA; ANCAP; ABC",
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      "text": "Battery recycling: The EV batteries have a life-span of c.10-15 years, after which c.95% of the battery can be recycled; Tesla Australia currently ship their used batteries to the US to be recycled; One large facility is operated by Umicore in Belgium and others are planned in Europe; The Australian battery recycling industry is relatively undeveloped because of the low number of batteries exiting vehicular use",
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      "text": "Safety of emergency crew: There are potential public safety issues associated with EVs in emergencies or accidents; Explosion risk - while OEMs have taken measures to ensure that their batteries will not explode in a crash, batteries may ignite or become electric hazards. Tesla have several layers of protective coating on their battery to prevent explosions, and have received a 5 star ANCAP rating for their Model S and X in Australia; EV identification - when an EV is in a crash, it may be challenging for emergency crews to recognise if the vehicle contains an electric battery. While the US National Fire Protection Association and NHTSA* require firefighters to look for labels alerting to high voltage, there is no further specification. Tesla and Nissan both have released identification and response guides; Fire and electrocution risk- Electric batteries may catch on fire or become electrocution risks when they are broken. EV fire will take longer to put out than an ICE, and can reignite up to 24 hours later. While Tesla suggest their vehicles are 5x less likely to catch fire than an ICE, Californian Highway Patrol suggests they are as dangerous in crashes as ICEs",
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      "text": "The international scan highlighted a number of potential issues associated with increased EV uptake for Victoria to consider beyond infrastructure",
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