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  "documentTitle": "LEK Infrastructure Victoria AZZEV International Scan",
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      "text": "New technology (i.e. smart phones & scheduling software) has enabled a range of new business models to emerge, sparking considerable innovation and trial. However, some early efforts (e.g. Bridj, Kutsuplus) have floundered, and widespread adoption has been much slower than (commercial) rideshare",
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      "text": "It remains unclear whether the winning model will be small, flexible bus operations operating under contract from government, or rideshare providers operating with subsidies and stricter accreditation",
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      "text": "While commercial deployment has been slow, there are a range of reasons to believe it will gain increasing traction over time (assuming Governments are willing to subsidise services): poor utilisation of many bus services across PT networks; significant areas of population underserved by public transport; high demand for first/last mile travel to rail stations, not able to be met with car parks or large buses",
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      "text": "Demand responsive transport (DRT or “paratransit”) has existed for many years; most typically serve special needs customers, or low density areas; bookings are typically made in advance by phone, or Internet; services generally quite high cost requiring government subsidy, limiting their widespread adoption",
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      "text": "There is significant on-going experimentation with the models around the world, via pilots, or selective introduction into new bus contracts. Sydney has been a leader in piloting on-demand",
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