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  "documentTitle": "BCG San Pedro Bay Clean Truck Program",
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  "notes": "The slide discusses the trade-offs between three options for port drayage market regulation, specifically focusing on environmental, operational, and labor stability goals.",
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      "text": "Under a combination of Options I/II while total diversion may be minimal the Port of Los Angeles, in adopting a \"Enhanced Approach with Market Incentives\" might find some of the desired outcomes (rapid adoption of the cleanest trucks, encouragement of more well capitalized LMCs and improvement in driver incomes to attract and retain a more stable workforce) undermined by the ability of marginal LMCs/IOOs to support themselves serving Long Beach alone",
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      "text": "Option I scores relatively well in the short term but falls well short of Options II and III in providing the conditions for long term environmental improvement, and reliability of supply. Option I will also complicate ensuring safety and security",
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      "text": "A combination of Options I and III is more risky as the barrier to BCOs diverting their discretionary containers from Los Angeles to Long Beach would be minimal. We expect diversion of activity up to the capacity of Long Beach to absorb it, further exacerbating the operational and environmental stresses on the Port of Long Beach.",
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      "text": "Both Options II and III are superior to Option I in terms of their potential to create a drayage market that meets the CAAP objectives (environmental, operational and safety/security) not only in the near term (the terms of the ban) but also in the long term (creates a sustainable, mature drayage market)",
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      "text": "Option II however carries the risk that long term sustainability is undermined if market participants or third parties are able to find ways to hold employee incomes below prevailing levels needed to ensure a reliable supply of truckers (e.g. by financing existing IOOs)",
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      "text": "Option III directly addresses this risk and offers the best guarantee of long term sustainability, but at the cost of introducing a new element of operational uncertainty.",
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      "text": "We compared all three options against the objectives of both short term (1-3 years) and long term (3-5 year+) environmental improvement, operational stability, reliability of supply of trucks and drivers, and safety/security",
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      "text": "One potential outcome could be that the ports of Long Beach and Los Angeles adopt different programs. The Port of Long Beach has adopted a program like Option I. Were the Port of Los Angeles to adopt either of Options II or III there is risk that volume of containers and supply of truckers could rapidly divert between the two markets.",
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      "text": "In conclusion we recommend that decision makers seek a unified approach to the San Pedro Bay Clean Truck Program. Decision makers’ preference between Options II and III will hinge on the relative weight they give to risk of LMC/BCO actions versus risk of market participants exploiting loopholes to sustain a lower wage, marginal economics based SPB drayage market and failure to achieve sustainable advantages in line with CAAP goals",
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      "text": "Executive summary (V)",
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