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  "documentTitle": "Bain Achieving operational Excellence at University of California Berkeley",
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      "text": "Streamline organization by increasing average supervisory spans to get closer to benchmarks - i.e., 6-7 for expertise-based functions and 11-13 for task-based functions*",
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      "text": "Note: Successful realization of this opportunity relies on the critical enabler of creating a high-performance operating culture",
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      "text": "*Benchmarks are informed by Bain's work on >120 organizations involving spans and layers analysis (including higher education organizations)",
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      "text": "Opportunity summary: Organizational simplification",
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