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  "documentTitle": "April 2015 McKinsey BPS Operational Review Draft With Comments",
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  "notes": "Includes editorial comments on the right side regarding budget data sources and definitions.",
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      "text": "Commented [DS2]: Clarified that grants were not included in the analysis since the analysis was focused on city dollars",
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      "text": "Commented [DS3]: Clarified that this bucket of funds includes centrally funded positions paid out of the central office but that may be staffed in schools",
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      "text": "Commented [DS1]: Updated to 35% to align with the City of Boston 2014 Summary Budget",
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      "text": "1 McKinsey & Company, “How the World’s Most Improved School Systems Keep Getting Better,” 2010, http://mckinseysociety.com/how-the-worlds-most-improved-school-systems-keep-getting-better/\n2 City of Boston 2014 Summary Budget\n3 BPS 2013 budget, Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education\n4 Boston Public Schools 2015 internal data",
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      "text": "The operational review’s analysis of BPS internal data found that since 2005, however, BPS has stagnated. While continued forward progress is evident, that progress has largely tracked with state and national trends. BPS' earlier trajectory towards closing the achievement gap and the gap between its performance and that of state and national districts has visibly stalled. In that time, BPS' student population continued to decline down to 54,000 students in 2015, a 17% decrease over twenty years. This is an extension of a trend that has seen the BPS student population decline from nearly 100,000 in the early 1970s.",
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      "text": "Financially, BPS is currently supported by a budget of around a billion dollars, which comprises over 35% of the City of Boston’s budget. 51% of the BPS budget goes towards instructional variable costs, with another 17% going to pensions and benefits. When out-of-district school tuition dollars and grants are taken out of the picture, the average per pupil expenditure is $17,455. Of this total, $5,542 per pupil goes to central office, centrally funded positions, benefits, and transportation.",
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      "text": "The BPS of 2015 exhibits some areas of strength, while facing numerous structural challenges. The system has an impressive talent pipeline, tapping into the incredibly rich network of colleges and universities in the area, with exceptional employees in many roles, at all levels of the system. The system gets high marks internally and",
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      "text": "20% of students qualify as Students with Disabilities (SWD) and 30% as English language learners (ELL). $4,511 per pupil goes towards supporting those programs. $3,351 per pupil is spent on the “foundation” of a school building, including facilities, administrators and support. This leaves $4,051, or 23% of the per pupil total, to be spent directly at the general education classroom level.",
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      "text": "During Tom Payzant’s term as BPS superintendent, beginning in 1995, BPS became a leader among large, urban school districts in America as its performance dramatically improved. BPS was one of 20 systems in the world that had experienced significant and sustained improvements at scale as measured by international tests.",
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