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  "documentTitle": "AgFunder Alternative Protein White Paper flat and small",
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  "notes": "The slide uses a narrative structure to build a case for alternative proteins by highlighting resource depletion, health risks, and supply chain vulnerabilities.",
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      "text": "However, the agricultural strategies historically used to meet the growing global demand for animal products are reaching their limits. According to a 2018 study published in Science, the pervasive use of animal agriculture is exhausting our natural resources13. Meat, aquaculture, eggs and dairy use the vast majority of the world’s farmland (83%) and account for more than half (56-58%) of all food-related emissions, yet they only provide 37% of the world’s protein and 18% of its calories. Additionally, animal agriculture is particularly inefficient; for example, while the production of 1g of bovine meat protein requires as much as 112L of water and 1g of pig meat protein requires 57L of water, cereals and vegetables require only 21L and 26L, respectively, for 1g of protein14. Finally, from a global health perspective, animal agriculture has been recognized as a leading cause of antibiotic resistance15 and a source of infectious diseases16, while red meat specifically has been associated with a wide array of chronic diseases17,18,19,20,21.",
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      "text": "Furthermore, even if feed production demands could be met, other issues like antibiotic resistance and disease outbreaks, similar to the African Swine Fever that has been ravaging pig herds in Asia and Eastern Europe23, could have global health implications and may force governments to implement measures to curb meat consumption which, in turn, could dramatically increase price and availability of meat products. Many countries and organizations that are highly dependent on the meat industry may be highly exposed to these kinds of black swan events. We believe the challenges and risks of conventional animal agriculture provide a significant opportunity for startups that are developing new strategies to supply alternative protein products, as well as for investors looking to hedge or diversify their exposure to the meat industry.",
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      "text": "Population growth, rising incomes, and declining yield trends22 may create an unsustainable demand for animal protein products. By 2050, global population is expected to reach almost 9.7 billion. To provide enough meat to the world at the current U.S. consumption levels of 99.5kg/capital this would require 88% more farmland than is available today. Even if current global consumption of 44kg remains static, 100% of global farmland would need to be directed to animal agriculture.",
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      "kind": "paragraph",
      "text": "As conventional animal agriculture may no longer be sufficient to meet the world’s growing protein needs, a new generation of startups has emerged to try to offer more efficient and sustainable production strategies that may one day supersede animal agriculture.",
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      "text": "1.2. The New Carnivores",
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