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  "presentationDate": "2023-11-01 00:00:00",
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      "text": "To supplement our consolidated financial statements, which are prepared and presented in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (\"GAAP\"), Shopify uses certain non-GAAP and other financial measures to provide additional information in order to assist investors in understanding our financial and operating performance. These measures are not recognized measures for financial statement presentation under U.S. GAAP and do not have standardized meanings, and may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other public companies.",
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      "text": "Adjusted gross profit, adjusted operating expenses, and adjusted operating income (loss) are non-GAAP financial measures that exclude the effect of stock-based compensation expenses and related payroll taxes, amortization of acquired intangibles and, in the case of adjusted operating expenses and adjusted operating income (loss), accelerated stock-based compensation, severance, real estate-related impairment, litigation contingencies and impairment on sales of Shopify's logistics businesses. Operating leverage is a non-GAAP ratio that is calculated by dividing adjusted operating expenses by revenue. Free cash flow is a non-GAAP financial measure calculated as cash flow from operations less capital expenditures. Free cash flow margin is a non-GAAP ratio calculated as free cash flow divided by revenue. Shopify considers free cash flow and free cash flow margin as indicators of the efficiency and liquidity of Shopify's business, showing cash available after capital expenditures, to make strategic investments and drive future growth.",
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      "text": "Management uses non-GAAP and other financial measures internally for financial and operational decision-making and as a means to evaluate period-to-period comparisons. Shopify believes that these measures provide useful information about operating results, enhance the overall understanding of past financial performance and future prospects, and allow for greater transparency with respect to key metrics used by management in its financial and operational decision making. The non-GAAP and other financial measures used herein should be considered a supplement to, and not a substitute for, or superior to, the corresponding measures calculated in accordance with GAAP.",
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