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  "documentTitle": "Automatic Data Processing (ADP) (ADP)",
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  "authorName": "William Ackman",
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  "notes": "Includes a quote from a former VP to validate the claim of excessive management layers.",
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      "text": "Various business units operate in a mostly siloed manner",
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      "text": "Various products have their own GMs and independent P&Ls; a culture of micro P&Ls",
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      "text": "Various business units operate in a mostly siloed manner\n- Multiple HQs for each business unit\n- Each business unit operates with its own staffing across most functions, including administrative functions (HR, Finance, etc.)\n- Matrix structure with many functions having dotted line reporting to corporate roles (Sales, HR, Finance, Strategy, Legal)\n- Limited integration across various business units\n- Hard to share insights and leverage scale",
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      "text": "I know the goal was to get to a max of 7 levels between the [business unit] president and the lowest level... it was maybe 11? (1) - Former VP of Learning & Performance",
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      "text": "“I know the goal was to get to a max of 7 levels between the [business unit] president and the lowest level... it was maybe 11?” — Former VP of Learning & Performance",
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      "text": "(1) For context, our research suggests Paychex has 4-5 layers.",
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      "text": "ADP’s Corporate Structure is Inefficient",
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