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  "documentTitle": "Industry meta-study: 24 firms that sued short sellers (2018-2025)",
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      "text": "Brendel and Ryans hypothesis that defamation lawsuits against short sellers are predominantly a “bluffing strategy” is strongly supported by our empirical findings.",
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      "text": "Brendel and Ryans hypothesis that defamation lawsuits against short sellers are predominantly a “bluffing strategy” is strongly supported by our empirical findings. Furthermore, our results provide important insights for investors by demonstrating that, from a statistical perspective, a defamation lawsuit constitutes a notably negative signal for the long-term share price perfomance.",
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