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  "documentTitle": "Industry meta-study: 24 firms that sued short sellers (2018-2025)",
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      "text": "The least squared trendline in figure 1 indicates that the statistically expected outcome for the stock of a suing company is a valuation decline of 80% against the index over the next 6 years (2,192 days) after the publication.",
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      "text": "relative stock performance: -72.0%",
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      "text": "Academic support study by Grizzly Research LLC",
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      "text": "These results, based on the introductory discussion above, provide very strong evidence for the hypothesis that defamation lawsuits by short activists’ targets are predominantly filed as a bluffing strategy to signal confidence in circumstances of material issues.",
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      "text": "Table 1: Statistics of long-term stock performance from closing price before report publication or lawsuit filing to August 1st, 2024",
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