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      "text": "96-well plates with automated liquid handling machine from a widely-used vendor Twist also uses",
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      "text": "Manufacturing oligos – that is, synthetic DNA - is nothing special. It is a standard, commodity industrial process using a method that is 40 years old, called phosphoramidite chemistry.",
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      "text": "Manufacturing oligos – that is, synthetic DNA - is nothing special. It is a standard, commodity industrial process using a method that is 40 years old, called phosphoramidite chemistry. Twist and each of its competitors – and every student in a lab – use the same method. The four bases – ATCG – are added one at a time to form a growing chain of DNA, sort of like an inkjet printer squirting black, green, red, and blue ink one layer at a time. The process involves reagents and solvents, and is typically done in a well plate with 96 or more test tube-like chambers. Given the need to repetitively pipette various chemicals into each well, it’s standard to automate with liquid handling machines that squirt and dart like old dot matrix printers. Dozens of vendors sell them – as do eBay merchants.",
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      "text": "Source: https://www.hamiltoncompany.com/automated-liquid-handling; https://www.twistbioscience.com/blog/science/simple-guide-phosphoramidite-chemistry-and-how-it-fits-twist-biosciences-commercial",
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