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  "documentTitle": "Twist Bioscience (TWST)",
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      "text": "Subsequent filings, including the most recent 10K, retain this new language – but replace \"and\" with \"as well as,\" signaling that R&D has become even more ancillary to what official R&D staff do.",
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      "text": "“At September 30, 2018, we employed 289 employees, of whom 75 were primarily engaged in engineering and research and development activities, 68 in marketing, sales and customer support, 109 in operations and manufacturing and 37 in general and administration.”",
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      "text": "“As of September 30, 2021, we had 652 employees...Of these employees, 192 were primarily engaged in engineering as well as research and development activities..”",
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      "text": "The 10K filed two months later introduced entirely new language in the R&D expense section, adding a critical qualifying phrase to “research and development activities” -- “are conducted in collaboration with manufacturing activities....”",
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      "text": "“Research and development activities are conducted in collaboration with manufacturing activities to help expedite new products from the development phase to manufacturing and to more quickly implement new process technologies.” — Twist 10K filed Dec 20, 2018",
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