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  "documentTitle": "Soleno Therapeutics (SLNO)",
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  "authorName": "Scorpion Capital",
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      "text": "Fluid retention is a well-known, direct effect that is inherent to diazoxide’s KATP-channel based mechanism of action – ALL patients treated with diazoxide will retain water – via three distinct avenues.",
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      "text": "1. In the kidney (1st mechanism): Diazoxide may directly open KATP SUR1/SUR2 in kidney collecting ducts attenuating urinary excretion of sodium (Na+) and water. Since diazoxide is 90% excreted by kidney, 50% as unmetabolized active drug, concentrations of active diazoxide in the renal collecting ducts → 100-fold higher than the circulation making it active against both SUR1 and SUR2 KATP subunits in collecting ducts. Diazoxide's mechanism-based KATP opening causes sodium retention and drawing water with it back into blood.",
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      "text": "3. In the capillaries (3rd mechanism): Diazoxide causes vasodilation and increased capillary hydrostatic pressure favoring fluid movement out of the capillaries into the interstitial space.",
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      "text": "2. In the arteriole blood vessels (2nd mechanism): Diazoxide's mechanism-based action on vascular KATP channels in smooth muscle lowers systemic vascular resistance and reduces renal perfusion pressure. This reduces renal perfusion pressure → ↓ GFR. In response the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (a hormonal cascade crucial for regulating fluid balance) is activated further promoting sodium retention, volume overload and edema.",
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      "text": "Source: Scorpion Capital analysis and estimates",
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