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  "documentTitle": "QuantumScape (QS)",
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  "authorName": "Scorpion Capital",
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  "presentationDate": "2021-04-15 00:00:00",
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  "notes": "Uses expert testimony and external media citations to undermine the company's technical viability.",
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      "text": "LLZO is a challenging material to work with. It's a little difficult to synthesize, and it can be difficult to get good interface transport of lithium across the boundaries.",
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      "kind": "image",
      "text": "An Ultra-Secret Battery Startup Hints That It’s Blown Past Tesla — But Won’t Show the Goods",
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      "text": "A recent investigative article that was highly skeptical of Quantumscape’s claims discussed a similar LLZO-based solid-state effort, and quoted the principals involved who indicated the technical challenges in working with the material. A solid-state expert we interviewed provided similar color.",
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      "text": "Experts: “challenging material to work with”; similar LLZO projects have failed due to sintering and dendrite difficulties; LLZO was “a mess”",
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      "kind": "paragraph",
      "text": "Quotes from article that discussed failure of previous attempts at using LLZO: “It was not smooth, but a mess”... “When the battery began to cycle, the metallic lithium burrowed... and shorted the battery.”",
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      "text": "Solid-state expert explains why LLZO is a “challenging material” and “difficult to synthesize”... It's difficult to sinter and to then sod that because, at the temperatures at which it's sintered, you tend to lose lithium.",
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      "text": "\"LLZO is a challenging material to work with. It's a little difficult to synthesize, and it can be difficult to get good interface transport of lithium across the boundaries. It's difficult to sinter and to then sod that because, at the temperatures at which it's sintered, you tend to lose lithium. You'd probably have to do that in a CO2-free environment because if you don't, you end up with lithium carbonate at the surface, and that's a terrible lithium-ion conductor, so you might have a good lithium-ion conducting material, but then you've got a barrier layer that doesn't conduct lithium on top of it.'\" — Solid state expert; \"It was not smooth, but a mess\"...\"In 2013, the project ended in failure\"...\"When the battery began to cycle, the metallic lithium burrowed, atom by atom, underneath and between the mass of tiny grains that made up the LLZO. And once wedged in there, the atoms eventually broke through the material and shorted the battery.\" — Marker article (Steve LeVine)",
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      "kind": "source-note",
      "text": "Source: Scorpion Capital consultation calls with experts; https://marker.medium.com/an-ultra-secret-battery-startup-hints-that-its-blown-past-tesla-but-won-t-show-the-goods-2ed31173610d",
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      "text": "Red flag 3: Our research interviews lead us to believe that the specific ceramic separator material QS is using is LLZO.",
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