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  "documentTitle": "QuantumScape (QS)",
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  "authorName": "Scorpion Capital",
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  "presentationDate": "2021-04-15 00:00:00",
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  "notes": "Includes expert commentary on technical limitations of multi-layer pouch cells.",
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      "text": "Fine print indicates C/3 charge rate – which in battery-speak means a 3 hour charge",
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      "text": "Fine print indicates C/3 charge rate – which in battery-speak means a 3 hour charge\n4-Layer (30x30 mm) prototype\nZero Excess Li, 3.2mAh/cm2,\nC/3-C/3 and 1C-1C charge and discharge\n30 °C, ~ 3.4 atm, 100% depth of discharge",
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      "text": "charge rate: 3 hour",
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      "text": "We asked a solid-state researcher to analyze the “new” multi-layer data, who noted various concerns: a slower charge rate suggests struggles with dendrites; an ongoing failure to state the capacity of the cell; using a Y-axis with a non-standard, undefined measure of cell performance – all indicative of issues in scaling to multilayer prototypes.",
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      "text": "“This means that charging is done for 3 hours and discharge for 1 hour. This type of slow charging is very typical for Li metal batteries. Plating of Li is where [a] dendrite growth issue can occur. Therefore charging (plating lithium metal) is often done at slower rates.” – Solid state expert",
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      "text": "“During the charging of [a] multiple layer pouch, it is extremely challenging to ensure ALL layers plate lithium uniformly. QS has to lower the rate...I want to stress that they must clearly define what is 100% depth of discharge...if the entire lithium capacity is utilized , cycle life will suffer. Therefore, the critical question is what is 100% depth discharge – according the dimension they give, the cell is about 122mAh capacity. They should label their y-axis, the actual capacity cycled. They also did not use the actual critical current density – C rate is meaningless if the actual current density mA/cm2 is not shown.” – Solid state expert",
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      "text": "“This means that charging is done for 3 hours and discharge for 1 hour. This type of slow charging is very typical for Li metal batteries. Plating of Li is where [a] dendrite growth issue can occur. Therefore charging (plating lithium metal) is often done at slower rates.” — Solid state expert",
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      "text": "Source: Scorpion Capital consultations with experts; https://s26.q4cdn.com/263384136/files/doc_financials/2020/q4/QS-Shareholder-Letter-Q4-2020.pdf",
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      "text": "Red flag 7: Alarmingly, QS adds a new trick for its 4-layer prototype, buried in the fine print – testing battery life under tortoise-like 3 hour charge rates, making a mockery of its “15 minute fast charge” claim.",
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      "text": "4) Multi-layer cells: a fraudulent narrative to cover-up a failure",
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