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      "text": "IN THE PAST DECADE, THE SINGLE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF THE WITHDRAWAL OR RESTRICTION OF THE USE OF DRUGS THAT HAVE ALREADY BEEN MARKETED HAS BEEN THE PROLONGATION OF THE QT INTERVAL ASSOCIATED WITH POLYMORPHIC VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, OR TORSADE DE POINTES (FIG. 1), WHICH CAN BE FATAL.",
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      "text": "hERG blockade and QT prolongation are the most frequent reason drugs are recalled",
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      "text": "hERG Channel block -> Action Potential -> Prolonged QT Interval -> Torsades de Pointes",
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      "text": "hERG is short for “human Ether-a-go-go-Related Gene.” Certain drugs inhibit its activity, leading to QTc prolongation, an abnormal hearth rhythm visible on an EKG. QT prolongation can cause arrythmia, a type of ventricular fibrillation known as Torsades de Pointes, and sudden death. A widely-cited paper in the New England Journal of Medicine listed a number of drugs withdrawn due to QT prolongation.",
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      "text": "The culprit is hERG channel blockade, a potentially fatal syndrome which is the most common reason for the FDA or a manufacturer to remove a drug off the market as well as the most frequent cause for drug discovery programs to fail.",
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      "text": "IN THE PAST DECADE, THE SINGLE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF THE WITHDRAWAL or restriction of the use of drugs that have already been marketed has been the prolongation of the QT interval associated with polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, or torsade de pointes (Fig. 1), which can be fatal. — New England Journal of Medicine",
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      "text": "Source: https://www.eurofinsdiscoveryservices.com/services/in-vitro-assays/ion-channels/cardiac-safety; https://anestesiar.org/WP/uploads/2013/02/QT_prolongation_Roden_nejm_04.pdf",
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      "text": "Histamine receptor antagonists have a long history of cardiotoxicity.",
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