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  "documentTitle": "Aurora Innovation, Inc. (AUR)",
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  "notes": "The slide uses a quote from Aurora's CEO to frame their strategy as a 'quagmire' compared to the industry trend toward end-to-end models.",
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      "text": "But we know that Aurora has basically settled on the current generation of self-driving architecture, and as a result, we’re confident that they’ll be boxed into an operational and economic disadvantage.",
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      "text": "In a blog post last year, Aurora co-founder and CEO Chris Urmson unambiguously rejected the end-to-end approaches being explored by, well, everyone else but Aurora:",
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      "text": "Those naively attempting to solve self-driving using a pure end-to-end system will find themselves bogged down in a game of whack-a-mole... This will descend into an unsustainable quagmire of code.",
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      "text": "Those naively attempting to solve self-driving using a pure end-to-end system will find themselves bogged down in a game of whack-a-mole, much like the folks delivering large language models have. — Chris Urmson, Aurora co-founder and CEO",
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      "text": "2 We recommend listening to Drago's discussion about end-to-end versus modular approaches and the ability/necessity of some sort of hybrid methodology at this point in the interview.",
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      "text": "III. The Limits of the Aurora Driver",
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