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  "documentTitle": "Joyy Inc. (YY)",
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  "presentationDate": "2020-11-18 00:00:00",
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      "text": "We found that 97.9%±10% of the Modern Brothers PUs we sampled were likely fake.",
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      "kind": "image",
      "text": "Modern Brothers Performing in a Street Concert in Dandong, one of the scrolling notes reads “now over 20 million fans”",
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      "text": "fake user percentage: 97.9%",
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      "text": "We found that purported hit YY act Modern Brothers is in reality such a non-hit that the “fans” watching their concert in person actually were paid to show up. More damningly, their channel benefitted from YY-linked PU fanbots to rack up their substantial gift totals.",
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      "text": "The real misrepresentation of Modern Brothers’ popularity is evident in the prevalence of bot gifts they receive. We found that YY has created bots in 58 countries to donate to Modern Brothers’ broadcasts. These bots likely comprise the majority of the 32,398 gift-giving PUs that visited the band’s channel in January 2020: We found that almost all of the purported PUs we sampled were in reality Fake Users (“FUs”).",
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      "text": "Yet despite the hype, we learned from a manager at a Dandong-based YY channel owner that YY paid people to watch this free performance in person. At least Milli Vanilli had real fans.",
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      "text": "We found that 97.9%±10% of the Modern Brothers PUs we sampled were likely fake. To ascertain the extent of bot activity, we examined behavioral patterns in a random sample of 96 Modern Brothers PUs who sent gifts during Modern Brothers’ January 30, 2020 broadcast.",
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      "text": "“Is it true that I’m obsessed with ghosts?” — Liu Yuning",
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      "kind": "title",
      "text": "Case Study: \"Modern Brothers\" Helps a Modern Fraud",
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