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  "docSlug": "4a1cd2416c13",
  "documentTitle": "Joyy Inc. (YY)",
  "authorId": "51_Muddy_Waters",
  "authorName": "Carson Block",
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  "sourceTypeSlug": "short_seller",
  "sourceTypeLabel": "Short seller",
  "presentationDate": "2020-11-18 00:00:00",
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  "notes": "The slide uses a specific case study of 'Platform Angels' and a Wuhan-based sampling methodology to validate the claim of widespread platform manipulation.",
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      "text": "This supports our finding that ~90% of YY Live gift revenues are fake.",
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      "kind": "list",
      "text": "Sharing IMEIs with devices connected to YY Internal Network FUs; Making abnormal IP jumps; Using IP addresses from bot farms; Sending gifts to YY-controlled channels; Other hallmarks of fraud.",
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      "text": "We collected information on 82 of these “Platform Angels” and cross-checked the “Platform Angel” PUs against our database. We found that only 26, or about one-third, were in our records of YY-controlled user IDs identified via IMEI sharing.",
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      "text": "Their numbers indicate that for every YY-controlled FU we identified by IMEI sharing, there are likely another two YY-controlled FUs that did not reveal themselves via the IMEI methodology. This supports our finding that ~90% of YY Live gift revenues are fake.",
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      "text": "We looked at YY users in Wuhan to examine whether they might be bots. Wuhan was a fertile FU hunting ground because of its strict COVID-19 lockdown, during which it was almost impossible for non-bot users to move locations.",
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      "text": "14 To avoid selection bias, the PUs selected were identified with a sequential sample selection methodology. Again, a 95% CL, 10% CI, and sample size of 96 PUs was adopted.",
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      "kind": "title",
      "text": "Sampling Wuhan PUs Indicated that ~87.5% Were Controlled by YY",
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