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  "documentTitle": "GSX Techedu (GSX)",
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  "authorName": "Carson Block",
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      "text": "the same second as a Precise Joiner). In the nine second period starting from five seconds before the start of class to three seconds after class starts, 648 users – including 37 Precise Joiners – joined. We therefore did not count about two-thirds of these logins as bots because they did not join in the same second as Precise Joiners.",
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      "text": "Although Burst 3 occurs at four minutes seven seconds after class starts (within the five minute window), we count these joiners as bots because during this three second window, among the 96 stragglers were three Precise Joiners that joined at the same times.",
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      "text": "There is significant overlap among the various bot use patterns we observed. On a standalone basis, we are highly confident that each behavior indicates bots. However, when we see the overlaps between the various behaviors, the patterns are even more solidly established as indicia. One-third of the High Confidence bots exhibited at least two indicia of bot behavior. Approximately one-half of that number exhibited all three indicia.",
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