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  "documentTitle": "GSX Techedu (GSX)",
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  "authorName": "Carson Block",
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  "presentationDate": "2020-05-18 00:00:00",
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  "notes": "The slide defines 'Precise Joiners' as users joining at the exact same second on the same day of different weeks.",
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      "text": "Over half (52.8%) of the unique users in our sample were identified as bots because they are “Precise Joiners” or are linked to them.",
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      "text": "Precise Joiner Bots (% of 54,065 Unique Users)",
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      "text": "Over half (52.8%) of the unique users in our sample were identified as bots because they are “Precise Joiners” or are linked to them. Precise Joiners are users who join a class at same time – to the second – on the same day of at least two different weeks, and the users linked to them. We contend that the probability of such a precise login happening two or more times for single user in a single course is extremely low. In addition to variability on a (human) user’s side in terms of when he logs in, there are moment-to-moment differences in the way internet traffic and data within GSX’s own network is flowing that make logging in at the precise second one or more weeks apart almost impossible. To us, that is similar to a weekly flight from City A to City B touching down two or more times at exactly the same second.",
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      "text": "While most Precise Joiners recorded only one precise join (two different occasions with log-ins at the same second), our data found 1,261 (21.6%) of the unique Precise Joiners performed this feat on two or more occasions, and one Precise Joiner recorded nine Precise Joins.",
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      "text": "Within the data of the 54,065 unique users analyzed we found 5,742 users (10.6%) whose logins record this precise joining phenomenon. Note also that 100% of these Precise Joiners exhibited at least one of the other bot behaviors we discuss, which resoundingly validates this method of bot hunting.",
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