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  "documentTitle": "Manulife Financial Corporation (MFC)",
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  "authorName": "Carson C. Block",
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      "text": "Third, if ambiguity still remains after applying step 2, apply the contra proferentem rule, which is Latin for “against the offeror” or in this particular case, “interpret against Manulife.”",
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      "text": "1. First, one must consider the ordinary and grammatical meaning of the terms, in the context of the agreement as a whole, including the surrounding circumstances. 2. Second, if there is ambiguity, apply the general rules of contract construction to resolve the ambiguity. 3. Third, if ambiguity still remains after applying step 2, apply the contra proferentem rule, which is Latin for “against the offeror” or in this particular case, “interpret against Manulife.”",
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      "text": "In order to assist the assessment of Mosten and Manulife’s arguments, we summarize what we believe are the standards for contractual interpretation in Canada.",
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      "text": "“a decision-maker must read the contract as a whole, giving the words used their ordinary and grammatical meaning, consistent with the surrounding circumstances known to the parties at the time of formation of the contract.” — Paragraph 47 of Sattva",
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      "text": "35 See paragraph 47 of Sattva... 36 See paragraph 69 of Ledcor. 37 See id. 38 See paragraph 50 of Ledcor... 39 See paragraph 51 of Ledcor...",
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