{
  "docId": "019dd923-5e88-73ef-bd5e-164a6fb27ba9",
  "docSlug": "1420f7eff28e00b5",
  "documentTitle": "2025 Andrej Karpathy YC School presentation",
  "authorId": "misc",
  "authorName": "Andrej Karpathy",
  "documentKindSlug": "consulting-deck",
  "documentKindLabel": "Consulting deck",
  "sourceTypeSlug": "independent_analyst",
  "sourceTypeLabel": "Independent analyst",
  "presentationDate": null,
  "orientation": "landscape",
  "aspectRatio": 1.777,
  "pageNumber": 21,
  "pageCount": 131,
  "prevPage": 20,
  "nextPage": 22,
  "slideType": "key_messages",
  "function": "present_solution",
  "density": "balanced",
  "nDataPoints": 0,
  "notes": "The slide content is presented as a list of analogies. The right side of the image shows a social media post containing a photo of the slide being presented by Andrej Karpathy.",
  "elementsJson": [
    "headline_text",
    "bullet_list",
    "screenshot"
  ],
  "metadataConfidence": 0.95,
  "imagePath": null,
  "slideHref": "/slides/019dd923-5e88-73ef-bd5e-164a6fb27ba9/21",
  "deckHref": "/decks/019dd923-5e88-73ef-bd5e-164a6fb27ba9",
  "deckJsonHref": "/decks/019dd923-5e88-73ef-bd5e-164a6fb27ba9.json",
  "deckAnchorHref": "/decks/019dd923-5e88-73ef-bd5e-164a6fb27ba9#slide-21",
  "components": [
    {
      "bbox": null,
      "kind": "callout",
      "text": "LLMs have properties of utilities...",
      "attrs": null,
      "subkind": null,
      "toolName": "Visual emphasis",
      "toolSlug": "visual-emphasis",
      "confidence": null,
      "componentId": "019dd952-5645-7637-bca3-30334a794be4",
      "frameworkName": null,
      "frameworkSlug": null
    },
    {
      "bbox": {
        "h": 0.9,
        "w": 0.45,
        "x": 0.52,
        "y": 0.05
      },
      "kind": "image",
      "text": "Social media post showing the slide in a presentation context",
      "attrs": null,
      "subkind": "screenshot",
      "toolName": null,
      "toolSlug": null,
      "confidence": null,
      "componentId": "c7be2196-c3af-4094-bc49-c5050059225f",
      "frameworkName": null,
      "frameworkSlug": null
    },
    {
      "bbox": {
        "h": 0.6,
        "w": 0.45,
        "x": 0.05,
        "y": 0.25
      },
      "kind": "list",
      "text": "CAPEX to train an LLM (~= to build the grid)\nOPEX to serve intelligence over increasingly homogeneous API (prompt, image, tools, ...)\nMetered access ($/1M tokens)\nDemand for low latency, high uptime, consistent quality (~= demanding consistent voltage from grid)\nOpenRouter ~= Transfer Switch (grid, solar, battery, generator...)\nIntelligence \"brownouts\" e.g. when OpenAI goes down.",
      "attrs": null,
      "subkind": "bullet",
      "toolName": null,
      "toolSlug": null,
      "confidence": null,
      "componentId": "f60ac105-1abc-454b-bcba-909062ba6995",
      "frameworkName": null,
      "frameworkSlug": null
    },
    {
      "bbox": null,
      "kind": "quote",
      "text": "Thought provoking points from @karpathy at AI Startup School today. Made me see LLMs in a whole new light. — Jared Friedman",
      "attrs": null,
      "subkind": null,
      "toolName": "Authority citation",
      "toolSlug": "authority-citation",
      "confidence": null,
      "componentId": "019dd952-5645-7637-bca3-34f423fb944f",
      "frameworkName": null,
      "frameworkSlug": null
    },
    {
      "bbox": {
        "h": 0.05,
        "w": 0.4,
        "x": 0.05,
        "y": 0.18
      },
      "kind": "title",
      "text": "LLMs have properties of utilities...",
      "attrs": null,
      "subkind": "headline",
      "toolName": null,
      "toolSlug": null,
      "confidence": null,
      "componentId": "d5ec104e-8e68-4b9b-bf8a-c0a1f8a05427",
      "frameworkName": null,
      "frameworkSlug": null
    }
  ],
  "metrics": [],
  "tools": [],
  "frameworks": [
    {
      "name": "metaphor-analogy",
      "slug": null,
      "matchId": "778ef267-44bb-4734-9c4e-a9c5c22b501a",
      "evidence": "The entire slide is structured as an analogy between LLMs and utility infrastructure.",
      "confidence": 1
    }
  ],
  "arcBeats": [
    {
      "to": 24,
      "from": 20,
      "beatId": "d58f6853-b376-41b8-ac12-c5342fa3bbe5",
      "arcName": "The Sparkline",
      "arcSlug": "sparkline",
      "beatName": "Problem (Identify pain)",
      "beatSlug": "problem-agitate-solution-problem-identify-pain",
      "evidence": "The presentation identifies the challenges and limitations of current software and LLMs.",
      "position": 4,
      "confidence": 0.8,
      "parentBeatName": "Complication",
      "parentBeatSlug": "complication"
    }
  ],
  "loops": [],
  "imagePathAlt": null,
  "thumbSrc": null,
  "thumbSrcAlt": null,
  "locked": true
}