{
  "docId": "019dd923-5e88-73ef-bd5d-0d0f98caffe1",
  "docSlug": "5df6bd1b0447b5f6",
  "documentTitle": "2025 Air Street Capital The State of AI Report 2025",
  "authorId": "AirStreetCapital",
  "authorName": "Air Street Capital",
  "documentKindSlug": "consulting-deck",
  "documentKindLabel": "Consulting deck",
  "sourceTypeSlug": "vc_research",
  "sourceTypeLabel": "VC research",
  "presentationDate": null,
  "orientation": "landscape",
  "aspectRatio": 1.777,
  "pageNumber": 47,
  "pageCount": 313,
  "prevPage": 46,
  "nextPage": 48,
  "slideType": "industry_trends",
  "function": "summarize",
  "density": "dense",
  "nDataPoints": 2,
  "notes": "The slide highlights two specific technical stacks: ByteDance's verl and OpenRLHF.",
  "elementsJson": [
    "headline_text",
    "paragraph",
    "bullet_list",
    "process_diagram"
  ],
  "metadataConfidence": 0.95,
  "imagePath": null,
  "slideHref": "/slides/019dd923-5e88-73ef-bd5d-0d0f98caffe1/47",
  "deckHref": "/decks/019dd923-5e88-73ef-bd5d-0d0f98caffe1",
  "deckJsonHref": "/decks/019dd923-5e88-73ef-bd5d-0d0f98caffe1.json",
  "deckAnchorHref": "/decks/019dd923-5e88-73ef-bd5d-0d0f98caffe1#slide-47",
  "components": [
    {
      "bbox": null,
      "kind": "callout",
      "text": "China's RL tooling and permissive licenses are steering the open-weight community.",
      "attrs": null,
      "subkind": null,
      "toolName": "Visual emphasis",
      "toolSlug": "visual-emphasis",
      "confidence": null,
      "componentId": "019dd952-41ac-7180-a81d-e76e9d16ca3d",
      "frameworkName": null,
      "frameworkSlug": null
    },
    {
      "bbox": {
        "h": 0.15,
        "w": 0.35,
        "x": 0.61,
        "y": 0.405
      },
      "kind": "image",
      "text": "Diagram of verl architecture",
      "attrs": null,
      "subkind": "infographic",
      "toolName": null,
      "toolSlug": null,
      "confidence": null,
      "componentId": "0fdbdb90-e3c7-43b2-9064-fb641a805a99",
      "frameworkName": null,
      "frameworkSlug": null
    },
    {
      "bbox": {
        "h": 0.25,
        "w": 0.35,
        "x": 0.61,
        "y": 0.665
      },
      "kind": "image",
      "text": "Diagram of OpenRLHF architecture",
      "attrs": null,
      "subkind": "infographic",
      "toolName": null,
      "toolSlug": null,
      "confidence": null,
      "componentId": "34dd9b6b-d31f-49ce-94d7-3ade6eb28f11",
      "frameworkName": null,
      "frameworkSlug": null
    },
    {
      "bbox": {
        "h": 0.15,
        "w": 0.46,
        "x": 0.04,
        "y": 0.67
      },
      "kind": "list",
      "text": "OpenRLHF (bottom) is a simpler Ray/vLLM/DeepSpeed stack that brings speedups of 1.22x-1.68x vs. SOTA frameworks. It is well liked in academia and industry, showing how Chinese teams now lead RL frameworks.",
      "attrs": null,
      "subkind": "bullet",
      "toolName": null,
      "toolSlug": null,
      "confidence": null,
      "componentId": "02a281ec-cf54-486a-8b0c-308e61ae17a1",
      "frameworkName": null,
      "frameworkSlug": null
    },
    {
      "bbox": {
        "h": 0.25,
        "w": 0.46,
        "x": 0.04,
        "y": 0.41
      },
      "kind": "list",
      "text": "ByteDance verl (top) turned the earlier HybridFlow research system from 2024 into a production RLHF/RLVR library with a hybrid controller and 3D “HybridEngine,” now Apache-2.0 and actively maintained. It has vendor support (AMD ROCm) and platform integrations (e.g., Oumi), making RL training cheaper and easier to adopt.",
      "attrs": null,
      "subkind": "bullet",
      "toolName": null,
      "toolSlug": null,
      "confidence": null,
      "componentId": "c965a35e-a25d-457d-8cdf-87495b0ff04f",
      "frameworkName": null,
      "frameworkSlug": null
    },
    {
      "bbox": {
        "h": 0.18,
        "w": 0.48,
        "x": 0.02,
        "y": 0.21
      },
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "text": "China's RL tooling and permissive licenses are steering the open-weight community. ByteDance Seed, Alibaba Qwen and Z.ai are leading the charge with verl and OpenRLHF as go-to RL training stacks, while Apache-2.0/MIT licenses on Qwen, GLM-4.5 and others make adoption frictionless. Moreover, model releases come in many shapes and sizes to facilitate developer adoption of all flavors.",
      "attrs": null,
      "subkind": "paragraph",
      "toolName": null,
      "toolSlug": null,
      "confidence": null,
      "componentId": "938864cc-40db-43c5-be47-1fea8cf93290",
      "frameworkName": null,
      "frameworkSlug": null
    },
    {
      "bbox": {
        "h": 0.04,
        "w": 0.35,
        "x": 0.02,
        "y": 0.14
      },
      "kind": "title",
      "text": "Why are researchers going Chinese?",
      "attrs": null,
      "subkind": "headline",
      "toolName": null,
      "toolSlug": null,
      "confidence": null,
      "componentId": "98cdec84-7185-472a-9803-2a5ab184fc3c",
      "frameworkName": null,
      "frameworkSlug": null
    }
  ],
  "metrics": [],
  "tools": [],
  "frameworks": [],
  "arcBeats": [
    {
      "to": 189,
      "from": 12,
      "beatId": "019dd95a-0682-776c-8e35-9f380673831f",
      "arcName": "The Triple Take",
      "arcSlug": "triple-take",
      "beatName": "The Facts (What)",
      "beatSlug": "triple-take-the-facts-what",
      "evidence": "Sections 1-2 lay out research findings and industry data with charts and case studies.",
      "position": 1,
      "confidence": 70,
      "parentBeatName": "Setup",
      "parentBeatSlug": "setup"
    },
    {
      "to": 89,
      "from": 12,
      "beatId": "019dd95a-0682-776c-8e35-ac68557d958b",
      "arcName": "The Onion",
      "arcSlug": "onion",
      "beatName": "First Layer",
      "beatSlug": "onion-first-layer",
      "evidence": "Research section unpacks technical layer beneath the headlines.",
      "position": 2,
      "confidence": 45,
      "parentBeatName": "Development",
      "parentBeatSlug": "development"
    }
  ],
  "loops": [
    {
      "to": 47,
      "from": 42,
      "name": "David Goliath",
      "slug": "16-david-goliath",
      "bestFor": "Startups, disruptive innovation, competitive displacement",
      "matchId": "019dd95a-07fe-70ce-8d3e-98bdad14c2b0",
      "evidence": "'New Silk Road: China's open models overtake Meta-led West' (p.45); Qwen >40% derivatives vs Llama's 15% (p.46).",
      "position": 4,
      "objective": "Show China's open-weight ecosystem overtaking Meta-led West",
      "structure": "The Giant's Weakness -> Our Slingshot (Unique Edge) -> The Topple",
      "confidence": 80,
      "description": "Frame your initiative as the nimble underdog taking on a slow, bloated incumbent"
    }
  ],
  "imagePathAlt": null,
  "thumbSrc": null,
  "thumbSrcAlt": null,
  "locked": true
}