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  "documentTitle": "2025 Air Street Capital The State of AI Report 2025",
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  "notes": "The chart uses a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to track mentions of various hardware accelerators in AI research papers from 2018 to 2025.",
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      "kind": "callout",
      "text": "NVIDIA remains dominant at about 90% of compute mentions, down from a 94% peak in 2023, with 41,300 NVIDIA-citing papers forecast, down 7%.",
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      "text": "Timings could explain a lot: work launched on H100 and H200 in late 2024 will surface in late 2025. Labs are publishing significantly less and later due to competition and safety reviews. Authors increasingly use managed APIs and shared clouds, so they name services rather than chips. Higher GPU costs push academics toward inference and lightweight fine-tuning using strong open-weights.",
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      "text": "Compute mentions in AI research papers: 90%",
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      "text": "2024 saw 49,000 open-source AI papers that explicitly cited NVIDIA, TPUs, AMD or similar accelerators, up 58% year on year. Our 2025 projection through September points to 45,600 papers, an 7% decline and the first drop in six years. NVIDIA remains dominant at about 90% of compute mentions, down from a 94% peak in 2023, with 41,300 NVIDIA-citing papers forecast, down 7%. AMD is more than doubling on MI300X momentum, while TPU mentions edge down 25% despite v6.",
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