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  "notes": "The slide uses a table to demonstrate that the increase in PhD graduates in China is not due to a proliferation of low-quality programs, but rather growth in elite 'Double First Class' universities.",
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      "text": "Data shows that this is not the case in China, where 43% of PhD graduates in 2019 came from Double First Class Universities, a slight drop from 46% in 2015.",
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      "text": "In 2020, 36 of the 42 “Double First Class” universities were ranked in the top 500 universities globally, and 21 were ranked in the top 200.\nMost of the recent growth in the number of PhDs comes from elite universities administered by the Ministry of Education: these universities accounted for 65% of the total increase in PhD enrollments between 2015 and 2019.\nThe “Yao Class” at Tsinghua University is another example of elite undergraduate education that’s set up to feed into Tier 1 US postgraduate schools.",
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      "text": "High count numbers can artificially hide a decrease in program quality, for example if driven by a rapid development of mediocre programs. Data shows that this is not the case in China, where 43% of PhD graduates in 2019 came from Double First Class Universities, a slight drop from 46% in 2015.",
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      "text": "Source: Chinese Ministry of Education, Double First Class University Employment Quality Reports.",
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