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  "notes": "The charts compare algorithm accuracy vs doctor accuracy for associative (top) and counterfactual (bottom) models.",
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      "text": "When compared to the standard associative algorithm and 44 doctors using a test set of clinical vignettes, the counterfactual algorithm places in the top 25% of doctors, achieving expert clinical accuracy.",
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      "text": "Existing AI approaches to diagnosis are purely associative, identifying diseases that are strongly correlated with a patient's symptoms. The inability to disentangle correlation from causation can result in suboptimal or dangerous diagnoses.",
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      "text": "To overcome this, diagnosis can be reformulated as a counterfactual inference task that uses counterfactual diagnostic algorithms.",
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