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      "text": "It is precisely this impossibility of translating human feelings (or should we say: humanity?) into technologies that limits robotization - at least for the time being.",
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      "text": "Apparently, emotions and lived experiences cannot simply be reduced to data and algorithms, even if algorithms are becoming ever smarter. Emotional as well as physical vulnerability, including diseases, that we feel (and fear) cannot be translated into technologies, in the foreseeable future – whereas in fiction, especially in novels or films, this boundary between humans and robots is messed about with. The young man who is actually a robot in the film Ich bin dein Mensch, for example, is deceptively similar to other men, and the woman scientist who is supposed to fall in love with him, or at least befriend him, is fundamentally insecure of her attitude toward him (Schrader 2021). The novel Klara and The Sun also plays with this boundary in unsettling ways: the Artificial Friend (AF) Klara is supposed to be a “friend” of Josie, who is a young teenage girl working for her exams (Ishiguro 2021). These exams are stressful and her",
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      "text": "This distinction is echoed by Pasquale when he writes that the practice of caring can’t be reduced – and shouldn’t be reduced – to instrumental relationships which are expressed by some changes in the expression of the mouth. I agree with Pasquale, that a society organizing institutional care for people along those lines would not be a society we would want to live in (see Chapter 4, by Pasquale). If we wanted robots to replace human care, then robots would have to be either very obviously only replacing human care in the instrumental and basic sense or able to express and behave precisely like humans in providing intentional care for the ill human. It is precisely this impossibility of translating human feelings (or should we say: humanity?) into technologies that limits robotization – at least for the time being.",
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      "text": "thus “care robots” only in a behavioral sense of performing tasks in care environments, not in the sense in which a human “cares” for their patients. It appears that the experience of “being cared for” is based on this intentional sense of “care” only, a form of care which robots cannot provide – or at least not at this moment. This also shows that research on human-robot interaction is still far behind their aims: emotions, responsiveness, and sympathy cannot yet be translated into data and algorithms. However, these are human qualities and characteristics which are definitive of social interaction. Weber-Guskar (2021) discusses the possibility to use data and algorithms to build emotional robots (what she calls Emotional AI systems) and is critical concerning the development as well as the social function these robots would have in communication. Similarly, Darmanin (2019) argues that the attempts so develop robots with facial expressions close to human facial expressions are completely unconvincing. If you look at the examples accessible on the Internet, he seems to be right: emotions cannot be reduced to simple datapoints (you can see examples for different emotions, like happiness, anger, fear). These expressions have at least nothing much to do with human care as we currently still understand it.",
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      "text": "3.5 THE UNCANNY VALLEY",
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