{ "docId": "019dd923-5e88-73ef-bd59-dddef82be3b0", "docSlug": "b5722f8c12c21bf3", "documentTitle": "The importance of being human in a digital world", "authorId": "Deloitte", "authorName": "Cambridge University Press", "documentKindSlug": "consulting-deck", "documentKindLabel": "Consulting deck", "sourceTypeSlug": "strategy_consulting", "sourceTypeLabel": "Strategy consulting", "presentationDate": null, "orientation": "portrait", "aspectRatio": 0.667, "pageNumber": 208, "pageCount": 224, "prevPage": 207, "nextPage": 209, "slideType": "other", "function": "summarize", "density": "balanced", "nDataPoints": 0, "notes": "This appears to be a page from an academic book or journal article (Julie E. Cohen, page 194).", "elementsJson": [ "paragraph" ], "metadataConfidence": 0.9, "imagePath": null, "slideHref": "/slides/019dd923-5e88-73ef-bd59-dddef82be3b0/208", "deckHref": "/decks/019dd923-5e88-73ef-bd59-dddef82be3b0", "deckJsonHref": "/decks/019dd923-5e88-73ef-bd59-dddef82be3b0.json", "deckAnchorHref": "/decks/019dd923-5e88-73ef-bd59-dddef82be3b0#slide-208", "components": [ { "bbox": { "h": 0.25, "w": 0.8, "x": 0.1, "y": 0.3 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "As a second example of the case for surveillance abolition, consider credit scoring. In the United States, there are deep historical links between credit reporting and racial discrimination (Hoffman 2021), and that relationship extends solidly into the present, creating self-reinforcing circuits that operate to prevent access to a wide variety of basic needs, including housing (Leiwant 2022; Poon 2009; Smith and Vogell 2022) and employment (Traub 2014). In municipal and state systems nation-wide, unpaid fines for low-level offenses routinely become justifications for arrest and imprisonment, creating new data streams that feed back into the credit reporting system (Bannon et al. 2010).", "attrs": null, "subkind": "paragraph", "toolName": null, "toolSlug": null, "confidence": null, "componentId": "16d491cd-0455-418e-a642-9e708a82f2ab", "frameworkName": null, "frameworkSlug": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.2, "w": 0.8, "x": 0.1, "y": 0.1 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "consumer devices in a manner that creates profound data security threats (Rowe 2020). India's Aadhaar system of biometric authentication, which relies on digital-ized fingerprinting, was justified as a public welfare measure, but works least well for the least fortunate - for example, manual laborers whose fingerprints may have been worn away or damaged (Singh and Jackson 2017). At the same time, the privatization of the \"India stack\" has created a point of entry for various commercial and extractive ventures (Hicks 2020).", "attrs": null, "subkind": "paragraph", "toolName": null, "toolSlug": null, "confidence": null, "componentId": "4eb55fc3-13c6-47ed-ae8e-b12364cc31c4", "frameworkName": null, "frameworkSlug": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.25, "w": 0.8, "x": 0.1, "y": 0.55 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "The other half of the existential dilemma to which this section's title refers, however, is that governing complex societies requires techniques for governing at scale. Some functions of good governance relate to due process in enforcement. I do not mean this to refer to policing but rather more generally to the ability to afford process and redress to those harmed by private or government actors. For some time now, atomistic paradigms of procedural due process have been buckling under the strain of large numbers. The data protection notion of a \"human in the loop\" is no panacea for the defects embedded in current pattern-driven processes (e.g. Crootof et al. 2023; Green 2022), but, even if it were, it simply isn't possible to afford every type of complaint that a human being might lodge within a bureaucratic system the type of process to which we might aspire.", "attrs": null, "subkind": "paragraph", "toolName": null, "toolSlug": null, "confidence": null, "componentId": "a9ae86b2-4c07-42e1-af7a-c2546e12511b", "frameworkName": null, "frameworkSlug": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.15, "w": 0.8, "x": 0.1, "y": 0.8 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "Other functions of good governance are ameliorative. Governments can and do (and must) provide a variety of important public benefits, and surveillance implementations intersect with these in at least three ways. First, surveillance can be used (and misused) to address problems of inclusion. Failure to afford inclusion creates what Gilman and Green (2018) term \"surveillance gaps\" in welfare and public health systems. Second, distributing government benefits without some method of accounting for them invites fraud - not by needy beneficiaries too often demonized in narratives about responsibility and advantage-taking, but rather by powerful actors and garden-variety scammers seeking to enrich themselves at the public's expense (AFREF et al. 2021; Podkul 2021). Third, mechanisms for levying and collecting tax revenues to fund public benefits and other public works invite evasion by wealthy and well-connected individuals and organizations (Global Alliance for Tax Justice 2021; Guyton et al. 2021; ICIJ 2021). In a world of large numbers, the possibilities for scams multiply. Surveillance has a useful role to play in combating fraud and tax evasion. For example, the Internal Revenue Service, which is chronically under-", "attrs": null, "subkind": "paragraph", "toolName": null, "toolSlug": null, "confidence": null, "componentId": "ab156972-db1e-4190-96dd-a31556e2d015", "frameworkName": null, "frameworkSlug": null } ], "metrics": [], "tools": [], "frameworks": [], "arcBeats": [], "loops": [], "imagePathAlt": null, "thumbSrc": null, "thumbSrcAlt": null, "locked": true }