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      "text": "Contemporary theorists define exploitation as taking advantage of someone - using them to benefit oneself.",
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      "text": "9 On sweatshop labor, see e.g., Jeremy Snyder (2010); and Matt Zwolinski (2012). On commercial surrogacy, see e.g., Wertheimer (1996). On sexual exploitation, see Sample (2003). 10 For an overview of competing accounts, see Zwolinski et al. (2022).",
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      "text": "Taking advantage of someone can be unfair either for procedural or substantive reasons. An interaction or exchange is procedurally unfair if the process is defective. Substantive unfairness, by contrast, is a feature of outcomes.",
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      "text": "about exploitation more broadly, in some cases outside of economic life altogether (Goodin 1987). Feminist theorists, for example, have identified exploitation in sexual and marital relationships (Sample 2003), bringing a wider range of potential harms into view.",
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      "text": "One way to understand what has gone wrong here is via the notion of \"social surplus.\" Often when people interact or exchange the outcome is positive-sum: cooperation can leave everyone better off than they started.",
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      "text": "Contemporary theorists define exploitation as taking advantage of someone – using them to benefit oneself. Paradigm cases motivating the philosophical literature include worries about sweatshop labor, commercial surrogacy, and sexual exploitation.",
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      "text": "Exploitation in the Platform Age",
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      "text": "10.1.1 Exploitation as Unfairness",
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