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      "text": "Over the past 20 years, digital technologies have been reshaping human activities: robots are reconfiguring work, personalized learning algorithms are changing education, social media are steering both private and public discourse, targeted advertising is driving consumption, and all in unanticipated and unprecedented ways. This digitization now permeates every fiber of our everyday lives, our relationships, and our self-understanding. As such, it not only reshapes how we communicate, learn, and do business, it also raises fundamental and as yet unanswered questions about what it means to be human in this new, emerging digitized world, particularly as we embed digital surveillance technologies into our bodies, our socio-political relationships, and our lived environments.",
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      "text": "These debates about what is human obviously began long before the twentieth century. Since philosophy existed, philosophers have been thinking about the nature of human beings, the nature of the demarcation between humans and animals, the determination of (some, “real”) humans based on specific characteristics (that often systematically exclude other humans), and the role of techniques for humans. The question of the human being had its peak in the enlightenment of the eighteenth century when the relevance of self-reference took its place at the centre of the debates: Kant claims in his anthropology: “The fact that the human being can have the ‘I’ in his representations raises him infinitely above all other living beings on earth.” (Kant 2006 [1796], BA 3, 4). It is only in the late modernity of the twentieth and twenty-first century that the question is asked in a categorically new way: because the digitalization of society is so advanced and the tools of artificial",
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      "text": "Beate Roessler and Valerie Steeves",
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      "text": "Until recently, the debates in the scholarly literature as well as in the more general public sphere about digital technologies have been dominated by the topics of privacy and surveillance, and specific utilizations of AI in industry, sciences, politics, culture, and social life. However, over the last dozen or so years, these debates have been enriched by a growing body of research that goes beyond specific areas or digitizable actions to address the more general, comprehensive questions about what datafication means for our lives and for our ideas of subjectivity and being human.",
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