{
  "docId": "019dd923-5e88-73ef-bd59-6131f37efc2b",
  "docSlug": "71b5b657f034a972",
  "documentTitle": "ey net zero centre carbon offset publication 20220530",
  "authorId": "MorganStanley",
  "authorName": "Grantham Research Institute",
  "documentKindSlug": "consulting-deck",
  "documentKindLabel": "Consulting deck",
  "sourceTypeSlug": "equity_research",
  "sourceTypeLabel": "Equity research",
  "presentationDate": null,
  "orientation": "portrait",
  "aspectRatio": 0.707,
  "pageNumber": 43,
  "pageCount": 45,
  "prevPage": 42,
  "nextPage": 44,
  "slideType": "appendix_data",
  "function": "analyze_data",
  "density": "overcrowded",
  "nDataPoints": 8,
  "notes": "The slide contains three density plots comparing distance, data availability, and wind speed distributions between weather stations and grid points.",
  "elementsJson": [
    "paragraph",
    "area_chart",
    "footnote"
  ],
  "metadataConfidence": 0.95,
  "imagePath": null,
  "slideHref": "/slides/019dd923-5e88-73ef-bd59-6131f37efc2b/43",
  "deckHref": "/decks/019dd923-5e88-73ef-bd59-6131f37efc2b",
  "deckJsonHref": "/decks/019dd923-5e88-73ef-bd59-6131f37efc2b.json",
  "deckAnchorHref": "/decks/019dd923-5e88-73ef-bd59-6131f37efc2b#slide-43",
  "components": [
    {
      "bbox": null,
      "kind": "callout",
      "text": "Only 5% of wind farms are located within 10 km of a weather station.",
      "attrs": null,
      "subkind": null,
      "toolName": "Visual emphasis",
      "toolSlug": "visual-emphasis",
      "confidence": null,
      "componentId": "019dd952-340a-72a9-845c-8797cee71685",
      "frameworkName": null,
      "frameworkSlug": null
    },
    {
      "bbox": {
        "h": 0.18,
        "w": 0.78,
        "x": 0.11,
        "y": 0.19
      },
      "kind": "chart",
      "text": "Three density plots showing distance, data availability, and wind speed distributions.",
      "attrs": null,
      "subkind": "area",
      "toolName": null,
      "toolSlug": null,
      "confidence": null,
      "componentId": "9760eadc-18d2-488a-880c-90abf8df0bb4",
      "frameworkName": null,
      "frameworkSlug": null
    },
    {
      "bbox": null,
      "kind": "metric",
      "text": "Data availability: 5.1%",
      "attrs": null,
      "subkind": "primary",
      "toolName": "Quantification",
      "toolSlug": "quantification",
      "confidence": null,
      "componentId": "019dd952-340a-72a9-845c-88dfd1302aea",
      "frameworkName": null,
      "frameworkSlug": null
    },
    {
      "bbox": {
        "h": 0.05,
        "w": 0.78,
        "x": 0.11,
        "y": 0.76
      },
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "text": "Like many economists working in countries where the quality and quantity of historical weather data is limited, we have opted to use reanalysis data (Auffhammer et al., 2013). We use the ERA5-Land database.",
      "attrs": null,
      "subkind": "paragraph",
      "toolName": null,
      "toolSlug": null,
      "confidence": null,
      "componentId": "3049df4d-c040-43bf-8026-72231e5f90da",
      "frameworkName": null,
      "frameworkSlug": null
    },
    {
      "bbox": {
        "h": 0.06,
        "w": 0.78,
        "x": 0.11,
        "y": 0.57
      },
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "text": "A second problem with the weather station data is how frequently readings are missing. For the subset of weather stations that are nearest to at least one of the wind farm sites, there is only enough information to determine the wind speed and air density for 5.1% of hourly readings between 1990 and 2019.",
      "attrs": null,
      "subkind": "paragraph",
      "toolName": null,
      "toolSlug": null,
      "confidence": null,
      "componentId": "4146fe22-c47c-4f05-adf7-6c1c683826d4",
      "frameworkName": null,
      "frameworkSlug": null
    },
    {
      "bbox": {
        "h": 0.06,
        "w": 0.78,
        "x": 0.11,
        "y": 0.09
      },
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "text": "reach a weather station (Figure A3, left panel). Only 5% of wind farms are located within 10 km of a weather station. In some instances you'd have to travel over 100 km. The average distance is 34 km.",
      "attrs": null,
      "subkind": "paragraph",
      "toolName": null,
      "toolSlug": null,
      "confidence": null,
      "componentId": "47da9ded-bd81-4c3e-acb7-a7506aeeb9ce",
      "frameworkName": null,
      "frameworkSlug": null
    },
    {
      "bbox": {
        "h": 0.05,
        "w": 0.78,
        "x": 0.11,
        "y": 0.67
      },
      "kind": "paragraph",
      "text": "A third problem is that, when readings are available, they give reason for pause. Perhaps most conspicuously, there is a large excess probability of very low wind speeds, and nearly 20% of readings are exactly zero.",
      "attrs": null,
      "subkind": "paragraph",
      "toolName": null,
      "toolSlug": null,
      "confidence": null,
      "componentId": "85ddf718-a230-4cbd-816b-f93a8252c8e6",
      "frameworkName": null,
      "frameworkSlug": null
    },
    {
      "bbox": {
        "h": 0.05,
        "w": 0.78,
        "x": 0.11,
        "y": 0.85
      },
      "kind": "source-note",
      "text": "17 These figures are only slightly better for the network of Indian weather stations as a whole. Only 8.4% of hourly readings between 1990 and 2019 contain adequate information.",
      "attrs": {
        "numbered": true
      },
      "subkind": null,
      "toolName": null,
      "toolSlug": null,
      "confidence": null,
      "componentId": "07f424e8-2a92-4996-99f2-bc28ba8ab6d7",
      "frameworkName": null,
      "frameworkSlug": null
    },
    {
      "bbox": {
        "h": 0.06,
        "w": 0.78,
        "x": 0.11,
        "y": 0.43
      },
      "kind": "source-note",
      "text": "Figure A3: Comparison of data for weather stations and gridded data.",
      "attrs": null,
      "subkind": null,
      "toolName": null,
      "toolSlug": null,
      "confidence": null,
      "componentId": "eb656c08-50fe-42eb-8858-a1765d3e686d",
      "frameworkName": null,
      "frameworkSlug": null
    }
  ],
  "metrics": [],
  "tools": [],
  "frameworks": [],
  "arcBeats": [],
  "loops": [],
  "imagePathAlt": null,
  "thumbSrc": null,
  "thumbSrcAlt": null,
  "locked": true
}