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  "documentTitle": "ey net zero centre carbon offset publication 20220530",
  "authorId": "MorganStanley",
  "authorName": "Grantham Research Institute",
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  "notes": "The chart shows a long-tail distribution of turbine models. The text explains the methodology for selecting benchmark turbines and the limitations of weather data collection.",
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      "text": "The Suzlon S82 is another heavily used turbine, and it has the distinction of being the turbine used in most projects—it is used in 25% of all wind farms for which we can identify the make and model.",
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      "text": "Turbine frequency: 25%",
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      "text": "Developers will typically install anemometers at a selected site at least 12 months in advance to collect on-site data... One possibility is to use readings from nearby weather stations... but these data leave much to be desired.",
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      "text": "Having chosen a benchmark turbine, we are now in similar position to a wind farm developer. We now know the technical characteristics of the turbines we wish to evaluate and we know the site at which they are being erected, but neither of us knows what the weather will be over the life of the turbine.",
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      "text": "For our calculations, we use the technical specifications of the Enercon E-53 800 kW turbine. While there are many different turbines to choose from, the E-53 is the most common in our data set by far. It accounts for ≈15% of all the turbines we have been able to identify (Figure A2).",
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      "text": "As a sensitivity analysis, we replicate our analysis using Suzlon's S82 1.5MW turbine. As Figure A2 shows, the Suzlon S82 is another heavily used turbine, and it has the distinction of being the turbine used in most projects—it is used in 25% of all wind farms for which we can identify the make and model.",
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      "text": "16 Projects often use multiple turbine types.",
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