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  "documentTitle": "4.6.2 HKVCA Investing in Asian Education",
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      "text": "Hence, the sense of new expectations from the 21st century reality has come in two phases: from “knowledge” to “competencies” in 2000, and from “competencies” to sù yǎng in 2014.",
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      "text": "Hence, the sense of new expectations from the 21st century reality has come in two phases: from “knowledge” to “competencies” in 2000, and from “competencies” to sù yǎng in 2014. These are two large conceptual leaps. Although the Taiwanese authorities have realized the need to support the implementation of such large shifts, and their measures are quite comprehensive and meticulous, the actual impact of these changes is yet to be seen.",
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      "text": "Please read the full case study entitled “Advancing 21st Century Competencies in Taiwan” by Hsiao-Lan Sharon Chen and Hsuan-Yi Huang from the National Taiwan Normal University in Taiwan for more information about the specific reform initiatives, achievements, and challenges.",
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      "text": "Ministry of Education, and there are standardized examinations at the end of both junior high school and senior high school. The public examinations are double-edged. On the one hand, any change in the examination, either in the content or in the assessment methods, may be used to steer reforms in pedagogy. On the other hand, the high-stakes examinations have exerted unnecessary pressure on schools and students, depriving them of room for fundamental changes that are needed by society.",
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      "text": "Of the five countries under study, Taiwan is perhaps the one that has best preserved the Confucian culture, and that has tried to apply Confucian ideology to a modern society. For example, there has been much debate in Taiwan about the translation and meaning of the word “competency.” In response, they have come up with the notion of sù yǎng. The difference between “competency” and sù yǎng, as it is argued in Taiwan, is that competency is something assessed by performance, whereas sù yǎng starts with exploring the self. Whereas competency could be attained by studying and training, sù yǎng would require an internal change (often understood as the mindset or disposition) of the person.",
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