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  "documentTitle": "PKR CMD 2024 Informal market overview",
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  "authorName": "Sustainable Livelihoods Foundation",
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  "notes": "The slide discusses the socio-economic landscape of Delft South, Sea Winds, and Capricorn, focusing on informal business operations.",
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      "text": "Cultural influences provide an important source of economic opportunities",
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      "text": "Shebeens: neighborhood venues of social interaction",
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      "text": "The FIME project is conducting research in sites in Gauteng and KwaZulu Natal to permit a national perspective. In Cape Town, the project will re-examine each research site to understand how the current mixture of businesses (and ownership, in the case of spaza shops) changes over time and is influenced by policies and state interventions.",
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      "text": "The space has been utilised to construct separate accommodation, sometimes to provide extra income through the rental from a bungalow. For those with a garage, the space is ideally suited to the operation of a great variety of businesses, including spaza and game shops, micro-manufacturing (such as furniture), running a butcher shop and repairing cars. In Delft there is a hive of activity related to cars, which supports an economy of micro-enterprises, including; mechanics, panel beaters, spare dealers, car washes and transport services. A similar influence is evident in parts of other sites with the same spatial and socio-economic characteristics.",
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      "text": "The majority of the identified micro-enterprises operate in conflict with municipal regulations, especially land use planning criteria. In Delft South and Browns Farm, a number of spaza shops, notably those belonging to foreign shop-keepers, operate from used shipping containers in contravention of land use regulations. Shebeens are unable to obtain liquor licences without obtaining a land use departure towards commercial rezoning; a requirement that municipalities will not grant in what are classified as residential neighbourhoods. All businesses that display commercial signage (most spazas), operate on street pavements (green grocers, butchers and take aways), or noise pollute or present environmental risks (car mechanics and panel beaters) contravene the same regulations. Educare/crèches require registration from Provincial authorities though most operate illegally.",
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      "text": "The research found that cultural influences provide an important source of economic opportunities in the form of niche markets. The great number of liquor businesses in the township can be attributed to a segmented market, with businesses targeting different typologies of clients and offering different environments and services. This process is notable in businesses selling food products or providing take away food.",
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      "text": "Delft South differs from the three other sites in that it is spatially the least connected to areas where formal business predominates. In Sea Winds, a population with similar socio-economic characteristics to Eindhoven and parts of Delft South, there are few micro-enterprises, which might be explained by the close proximity of this particular site to industrial areas, shopping malls and long established high streets. Similarly in Capricorn, the close proximity of the site to a shopping mall complex with a supermarket and fast food outlets may influence the low number of micro-enterprises selling take-away food.",
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      "text": "In predominantly Coloured areas, the research identified a considerable number of micro-enterprises selling frozen food or fresh fish and take-away food businesses selling gatsbys (chip and filling rolls) or home-made ice-suckers (bompies), while in predominantly African areas, there were many businesses selling offal products or running street braais and selling sheep’s heads and hooves. Cultural influences also shape micro-manufacturing opportunities as evident in the manufacture of traditional clothing and beadwork and create demand for traditional medicine and unique health care products such as false teeth.",
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      "text": "Of all the micro-enterprises that contravene the myriad of laws and regulations on running home-based enterprises, the state has targeted (systematically) liquor businesses. The research encountered only one spaza shop which was forcibly shut down for contravening land use regulations, and this was a business run by a political leader of an opposition movement.",
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