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  "documentTitle": "Review of efficiency of the operation of the federal courts",
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  "authorName": "Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts",
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      "text": "U.S. CONSTITUTION ARTICLE III: The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.",
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      "text": "The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.",
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      "text": "Supreme Court building",
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      "text": "The federal courts often are called the guardians of the Constitution because their rulings protect rights and liberties guaranteed by the Constitution. Through fair and impartial judgments, the federal courts interpret and apply the law to resolve disputes.",
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      "kind": "paragraph",
      "text": "Article III of the United States Constitution establishes the judicial branch as one of the three separate and distinct branches of the federal government. The other two are the legislative and executive branches.",
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      "text": "The founders of the nation considered an independent federal judiciary essential to ensure fairness and equal justice for all citizens of the United States. The Constitution they drafted promotes judicial independence in two major ways.",
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      "text": "First, Article III federal judges are appointed for life, and they can be removed from office only through impeachment and conviction by Congress of \"Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.\" Second, the Constitution provides that the compensation of Article III federal judges \"shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office,\" which means that neither the President nor Congress can reduce the salary of a federal judge.",
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      "text": "THE CONSTITUTION AND THE FEDERAL JUDICIARY",
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