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      "text": "misdemeanor: An offense punishable by one year of imprisonment or less. Compare with \"felony.\"",
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      "text": "mistrial: An invalid trial, caused by fundamental error. When a mistrial is declared, the trial must start again with the selection of a new jury.",
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      "text": "opinion: A judge's written explanation of the decision of the court. Because a case may be heard by three or more judges in the court of appeals, the opinion in appellate decisions can take several forms. If all the judges completely agree on the result, one judge will write the opinion for all. If all the judges do not agree, the formal decision will be based upon the view of the majority, and one member of the majority will write the opinion. The judges who did not agree with the majority may write separately in dissenting or concurring opinions to present their views. A dissenting opinion disagrees with the majority opinion because of the reasoning and/or the principles of law the majority used to decide the case. A concurring opinion agrees with the decision of the majority opinion, but offers further comment or clarification or even an entirely different reason for reaching the same result. Only the majority opinion can serve as binding precedent in future cases. See also \"precedent.\"",
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      "text": "nolo contendere: No contest. A plea of nolo contendere has the same effect as a plea of guilty, as far as the criminal sentence is concerned, but may not be considered as an admission of guilt for any other purpose.",
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      "text": "mediation: The alternative dispute resolution (ADR) method most commonly used in the district courts. Mediation is an informal process in which a mediator facilitates negotiations between the parties to help them resolve their dispute.",
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      "text": "motion: A request by a litigant to a judge for a decision on an issue relating to the case.",
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      "text": "oral argument: An opportunity for lawyers to verbally summarize their positions before the court and answer the judges' questions.",
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      "text": "UNDERSTANDING THE FEDERAL COURTS..................................................................................................37",
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