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      "text": "How can I find a lawyer? Local bar associations usually offer lawyer referral services, often without charge. The clerk's office in each district court usually is able to help find a referral service. But personnel in the clerk's office and other federal court employees are prohibited from providing legal advice to individual litigants. Defendants in criminal proceedings have a right to a lawyer, and they are entitled to have counsel appointed at government expense if they are financially unable to obtain adequate representation by private counsel. The Criminal Justice Act requires a court determination that a person is financially eligible for court-appointed counsel. Defendants may be required to pay some of these costs. Defendants also have the option of waiving their right to counsel; however, this requires consent of the presiding judge. There is no general right to free legal assistance in civil proceedings. Some litigants obtain free or low-cost representation through local bar association referrals or legal services organizations. Litigants in civil cases may also proceed pro se; that is, they may represent themselves without the assistance of a lawyer.",
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      "text": "How do I file for bankruptcy protection? Is there a charge? A bankruptcy case begins with the filing of a petition. The required forms are available from the bankruptcy court clerk's office, on the court's website, or at many stationery stores. There is a range of filing fees for bankruptcy cases, depending on the chapter of the bankruptcy code under which the case is filed. Chapter 7, the most common type filed by individuals, involves an almost complete liquidation of the assets of the debtor, as well as a discharge of most debts.",
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      "text": "How do I file a criminal case? Individuals may not file criminal charges in federal courts. A criminal proceeding is initiated by the government, usually through the U.S. attorney's office in coordination with a law enforcement agency. Allegations of criminal behavior should be brought to the local police, the FBI, or another appropriate law enforcement agency.",
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      "text": "How do I file a civil case? Is there a charge? A civil action begins when some party to a dispute files a complaint. The parties beginning a civil action in a district court are required to pay a filing fee that is set by statute. A plaintiff who is unable to pay the fee may file a request to proceed in forma pauperis. If the request is granted, the fee is waived.",
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      "text": "How are judges assigned to a particular court? Each federal judge is commissioned to a specific court. Judges have no authority to hear cases in other courts unless they are formally designated to do so. Because of heavy caseloads in certain districts, judges from other courts are often asked to hear cases in these districts.",
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      "text": "COMMONLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT THE FEDERAL JUDICIAL PROCESS",
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