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      "text": "Public sentiment: 56%",
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      "text": "Many see their country in decline and in need of strong leader. Confronted with what 57% see as the decline of their country, 47% consider they need a strong leader that breaks the rules. In Brazil (58%) and South Korea (75%), two countries where the previous presidential election was defined by this issue, levels of agreement remain high.",
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      "text": "Belief that economy is rigged shows little change in a decade. This belief (68%) is strongly correlated with being in favour of a strong leader taking the country back from the rich and powerful (64%), but it resonates far more in emerging economies in Asia (Indonesia, 81%, Thailand, 77%, Malaysia, 76%), and in South Africa (77%).",
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      "text": "Nativism is widespread but not universal. The \"importance of being born in a particular country\" is strong in 25 of the 31 countries surveyed. There are six countries where a majority doesn't consider it to be important - Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Germany, Sweden, and the Netherlands.",
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      "text": "Support for economic \"cakeism\" remains high. A widespread aspect of a populist approach to economics is the contradiction between calls for increased spending and demands for lower taxes. Across 31 countries 57% reject increased taxes aimed at financing additional public spending, but a majority support increased spending for all public services.",
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      "text": "Anti-immigration views in Europe no longer influenced by unemployment. While many countries worry about jobs being given to immigrants over those from the country (42%), this belief is much lower in Europe. In Spain (-8 pp) and France (-8 pp) we have seen a decline in those who express this fear since 2016 (when unemployment was much higher).",
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      "text": "Thinking society is broken is more the rule than the exception. In 2025 56% across 31 countries feel society is broken in their country. Yet opinions improved in places where major political changes have happened between 2016 and now, such as Mexico (-29 pp), or Italy (-9 pp).",
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      "text": "© The Ipsos Populism Report 2025",
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