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  "documentTitle": "2022 Japan Consumer Survey on Next-Generation Automobiles",
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      "text": "BEVs have lower greenhouse gas emissions (even under current energy mix)",
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      "text": "Many industry commentators and journalists have argued that there is an environmental case against rolling out BEVs in an economy that is still largely dependent on thermal power generation. In 2020, coal, gas, oil and other fossil fuels accounted for 76% of Japan's electricity mix and renewables for 19%. However, recent reports show that such claims are no longer valid. Both Wada and Inoue cite a June 2021 research report from the Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Japan's electricity industry research organisation, to illustrate this point. CRIEPI's research calculates the life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions released during vehicle manufacturing, transport of materials for assembly, and gasoline or electricity production. This data was then combined with emissions data for four different types of passenger vehicle all travelling 100,000km: ICEVs, HEVs, PHEVs and BEVs. The research showed that while BEVs tend to emit more greenhouse gases than ICEVs or HEVs during the manufacturing process, even where thermal power accounts for 90% of the energy mix, BEVs produce fewer emissions throughout their whole life cycle due to a far lower impact during their operational phase (Graph 8).",
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      "text": "23 Including JAMA chair, Toyoda, quoted above. 24 www.enecho.meti.go.jp/statistics/total_energy/pdf/gaiyou2020fyr.pdf 25 criepi.denken.or.jp/jp/serc/source/pdf/Y21503.pdf",
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