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  "notes": "The chart compares grid-connected vs. renewable-only (wind/solar) injection plants regarding their net CO2 impact and cost per ton.",
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      "text": "The carbon abatement cost from wind powered electrolysis and H2 injection through P2G system would be in line with the IPCC recommendations on carbon price upper limit ($220 per tCO2).",
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      "text": "Natural gas emissions in combustion are around 200 kg per MWh. On average, if electrolyzer is connected to the grid to ensure a 90% service rate, P2G Injection systems will be net emitters of CO2. However, when purely coupled with renewables, 130 to 180 kg of CO2 per MWh LHV could be avoided.",
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      "text": "The carbon abatement cost from wind powered electrolysis and H2 injection through P2G system would be in line with the IPCC recommendations on carbon price upper limit ($220 per tCO2). Other benefits, such as frequency balancing, jobs creation, and lower dependency to fossil fuels, are not included in the calculation and could further reduce the avoidance cost.",
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      "text": "Notes: The hypothesis is detailed in the appendix. CO2 neutrality is defined as the maximum CO2 footprint from the power sector to reach carbon neutrality between natural gas and injection. Sources: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis",
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