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  "documentTitle": "Hydrogen applications and business models",
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      "text": "Hydrogen can be used as a fuel in existing gas turbines and CCGTs, which can handle a 3 to 5% share of hydrogen, up to 30% for some turbines.",
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      "text": "BHGE NovaLT gas turbine reconfigured for 100% hydrogen",
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      "text": "Competitive price ratio: 1.5",
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      "text": "Hydrogen can be used as a fuel in existing gas turbines and CCGTs, which can handle a 3 to 5% share of hydrogen, up to 30% for some turbines. Ammonia can also be used as a fuel in gas turbine. However, NOx emissions and flam stability needs to be controlled. Fuel cells have efficiencies close to CCGTs but suffer from a shorter lifetime than turbines and have smaller output (less than 50MW). It offers low-carbon flexibility on power system, can be coupled with intermittent renewable sources, and can generate power during peak hours. Competitiveness is to be assessed against other low-carbon technologies, such as gas turbines with CCS and biomass gas turbines.",
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      "text": "1 Hypothesis: CO2 price of $100 per ton; natural gas price of $7 per mmbtu; biomass gas price of $14 per mmbtu. Sources: BloombergNEF; \"The Future of Hydrogen,\" International Energy Agency, June 2019; Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis",
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      "text": "Market maturity: Early stage; Market size: n.a.; Expected market size: n.a.; Competing technologies: Batteries, biomass turbines, gas + CCUS turbines",
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      "text": "Competitive price for H2 vs. gas turbine: 1.5; Competitive price for H2 vs. gas turbine + CCUS: 2.5; Competitive price for H2 vs. biomass turbine: 4",
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      "text": "Flexible power generation is the use of hydrogen to produce electricity on demand and operating at low load factors",
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