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      "text": "Direct separation technology uses indirect heating in which the process CO2 and furnace combustion gases do not mix, resulting in the simple capture of high-quality CO2.",
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      "text": "Country: Belgium\nOperational date: 2025\nCapex: €20.7 million (pilot)\nCO2 savings: 185t per day\nProject leaders: Calix, HeidelbergCement, and Imperial College",
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      "text": "Direct separation technology uses indirect heating in which the process CO2 and furnace combustion gases do not mix, resulting in the simple capture of high-quality CO2. This innovation requires minimal changes to the conventional processes for cement, replacing the calciner in the preheater-calciner tower.",
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      "text": "Sources: LEILAC, Horizon 2020; Kearney Energy Transition institute analysis",
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