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      "text": "Energy efficiency and material efficiency are the top two biggest decarbonization levers for the sector.",
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      "text": "Challenges: High reliance on coal for high temperature heat and iron reduction; Limits to the availability of scrap for steel recycling; Globally traded commodity with relatively low margins",
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      "text": "Context: Globally, the sector's direct CO2 emissions amounted to 2.6 Gt in 2019... The CO2 intensity of steel production is high, with ~1.4 ton of direct CO2 emissions per ton of crude steel...",
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      "kind": "source-note",
      "text": "Sources: \"International Energy Agency \"Special Report on Carbon Capture Utilisation and Storage\" (2020); Kearney Energy Transition institute analysis",
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      "text": "Key technologies and descriptions for CCUS in steel production including Chemical absorption, Physical adsorption, Recycling of waste gases, and Smelting reduction.",
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