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  "documentTitle": "Green Hydrogen: An assessment of near-term power matching requirements",
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  "notes": "Chapter 3 page 40. Discusses iron, steel, chemicals, cement, lime, and aluminium. Mentions carbon leakage and cost differentials.",
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      "text": "The principal barriers to the greater use of green hydrogen in industry are high costs, investors' confidence, competitiveness and a lack of policy focus.",
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      "text": "The cost differential between hydrogen-based and fossil fuel-based processes will vary by location and application. But at present the use of green hydrogen is significantly more expensive than fossil fuels, unless a carbon price or other adjustment is applied.",
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      "text": "The principal barriers to the greater use of green hydrogen in industry are high costs, investors' confidence, competitiveness and a lack of policy focus.",
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      "text": "Converting to green hydrogen can significantly reduce carbon emissions from the industrial sector, which is currently responsible for about one-quarter of all energy-related CO2 emissions (or 8.4 GtCO2/yr).",
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      "text": "Grey hydrogen is currently used as a feedstock to produce methanol and ammonia. Green hydrogen could replace much of it with no changes in equipment or technology, eliminating the emissions associated with the production of grey hydrogen.",
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      "text": "Green ammonia (ammonia made from green hydrogen) is two or three times more expensive than grey ammonia, and green methanol is three to four times more expensive than grey methanol.",
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      "text": "Commodities such as steel and chemicals are traded globally and are often important components of national trade policies. The competitiveness of national industries is therefore a major concern for both governments and companies.",
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      "text": "Over 70% of global steel is produced via the blast furnace/basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) route, which relies mostly on coal. Most of the remaining steel is produced from direct reduction of iron (DRI) or steel scrap in an electric arc furnace (EAF).",
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